Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia developing in a mechanically ventilated patient more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation. It is one of the leading causes of death among hospital-acquired infections. The research design consisted of an evaluative approach with pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. Samples were selected by convenient sampling technique. The data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 24.2 and post-test knowledge score was 38.74 at 0.05 level of significance. Standard deviation of pre-test is 3.62 for post-test is 3.39 which indicate that the STP was effective in increasing knowledge of staff nurse regarding prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia.

A Pre-experimental research study was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching module on Knowledge and practice regarding Breast massage for breast milk expression and volume among 60 Primiparous mothers in a selected Government Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. A Structured Knowledge Questionnaire and observational checklist were prepared and used to collect the data, to assess the knowledge and practice of Primiparous mothers regarding breast massage. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings shown that the pre-test knowledge score of Primiparous mothers’ shows majority i.e., 97 percent had average knowledge, while 3 percent had poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge. The knowledge score of Primiparous mothers in post-test shows all mothers acquired 100 percent good knowledge while, pre-test practice scores showed majority 93 percent falls under poor category and 7 percent falls in average. Post test practice scores revealed that majority 98% mothers acquired good practice and only 2% had average level of practice. The calculated value of paired t-test for knowledge was 30.327, For practice the value of paired t-test was 56.304. It showed that the Video Assisted Teaching Module was effective in increasing the knowledge and practice among Primiparous mothers on Breast massage. In the demographic variables only educational status had statistically significant association both with the knowledge and practice of Primiparous mothers.

A pre-experimental study was conducted on 50 postnatal mothers from Sishu Bhawan, Cuttack, Odisha on knowledge of postnatal mothers regarding selected Neonatal danger signs. The data were collected by purposive sampling technique by using multiple choice close ended questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Area wise pre test and post test knowledge score revealed that in post test highest mean score was 13.56±1.1 with 90.4% where as lowest mean score is 2.8±0.4 with 93.3%. The effectiveness varies in mean percentage from 54.7 to 74.2%. Item wise comparison between pre test and post test reveals that there is effectiveness of VATM in increasing knowledge of the postnatal mothers on neonatal danger signs. The study findings revealed that there was highly significant difference in pre test and post test knowledge scores. It is obtained by paired ‘t’ test. chi square test was calculated and found that there was significant association between post test knowledge scores with area of residence, education and occupation of the mothers at 5% level of significance where as no significant association was found between post test knowledge scores with age, mode of delivery, gestational age, Para and religion of the mother.

Nutritional deficiencies have for reaching consequences, especially in adolescent girls. If their nutritional needs are not met, they likely to give birth to undernourished children, thus transmitting under nutrition of future generations. The aim of this study is to assess the Nutritional status among adolescent girls in selected rural area, Kanpur. A descriptive research design with cross sectional survey approach was used. Study was conducted in rural area of Shivrajpur Primary Health Center, Kanpur. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 120 adolescent girls who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Result: most of the samples BMI falls between normal range and highest percentage of manipulation is found among the age group of 11-12 years and rest of the adolescent girls fall in various degree of malnutrition.

A descriptive study was used to compare the psychological wellbeing of senior citizens in selected rural and urban area Bangalore. The data was collected from 60 senior citizens residing at Uttarahalli and Kagalipura, Bangalore and are selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was prepared and administered to assess the psychological wellbeing of senior citizens. Majority of senior citizens 17(56.67%) from rural area and urban area12(40%) had bad psychological wellbeing. The mean, standard deviation of senior citizens (urban area) are 44.46 and 26.13 respectively Findings of the Study reveals that there is a lowered psychological wellbeing among senior citizens from rural and urban area, Bangalore.

Kangaroo mother care is a natural care of preterm infants which explains infants being carried, usually by the mother, with skin-to-skin contact. KMC intended for health professionals responsible for the care of low-birth-weight and pre term infants. Conventional neonatal care of LBW infants is costly and needs both highly skilled personnel and permanent support. Here, suggests that kangaroo mother care is a safe and effective alternative to conventional neonatal care, especially in under-resourced settings and may reduce morbidity and mortality in LBW infants as well as increase breastfeeding. Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to however marsupials carry their young, was at first developed within the Nineteen Seventies to worry for preterm infants in countries wherever incubators were either unavailable or unreliable. It is effective in reducing both infant death rate and the risk of hospital-acquired infection, Skin-to-skin care is also used to describe the technique of placing even full-term newborns very shortly once birth on the clean chest of their mother or father. This conjointly improves rates of breastfeeding and may result in improved stability of the guts and respiration rate of the baby.